Showing posts with label F-16. Show all posts
Showing posts with label F-16. Show all posts

Pakistan Forges Ahead With New fighters, Upgrades



Pakistan has inducted its new Lockheed Martin F-16 Block 52+ fighters, while its first two full-strength squadrons of Chengdu/Pakistan Aeronautical Complex JF-17 Thunders are also on the verge of becoming fully operational.

The Pakistan air force inducted 17 F-16 Block 52+ fighters into its 5 Sqn on 11 March, the service says. The final aircraft in the 18-unit deal is still in the USA undergoing testing and will arrive in another month.
Pakistan's new batch of aircraft comprises 12 single-seat C-model versions and six two-seat F-16Ds. The air force says it is also in negotiations with the USA for additional Block 52+ aircraft, with its original deal having contained an option for another 18.


Pakistan's new F-16s are powered by Pratt & Whitney F100-229 engines, with other systems understood to include Northrop Grumman's mechanically scanned APG-68(V)9 radar and ITT's ALQ-211(V)9 advanced integrated defensive electronic warfare suite.

A proposed weapons package outlined by the US Defense Security Cooperation Agency in 2006 included 500 Raytheon AIM-120C5 advanced medium-range air-to-air missiles and 200 short-range AIM-9M-8/9 Sidewinders, plus 500 Boeing joint direct attack munitions, 1,600 enhanced GBU-12/24 laser-guided bombs and 700 BLU-109 penetrator bombs.

A mid-life upgrade of 34 F-16A/B Block 15 aircraft is also under way, with some being upgraded in Turkey. The project is likely to be completed next year, and will see the aircraft equipped with modern sensors and weapons.


Turkish Aerospace Industries (TAI) To Develop New Indigenous Modernization Kits and Mission Computers For F-16s


Turkey’s military aircraft giant Turkish Aerospace Industries (TAI) is set to develop new indigenous modernization kits and mission computers.
Upgrades will be applicable to all the F-16 Block 40 fighters of the Peace Onyx III and Block 50 fighters of the Peace Onyx IV programs, as well as the Block 30s that were acquired earlier. TAI plans to market the upgrades for export to other countries.

Previous news about TAI and Aselsan’s joint attempts to produce indigenous mission computers have been clarified by TAI insiders. Latest reports indicate that the companies have finalized their technical consultations with the MOD and industrial suppliers as of the end of January and the project has been given green light in order to equip Turkey’s vast fleet of F-16s with newly developed indigenous sensors and weapons such as Aselpod navigation and targeting system, various missiles and high-precision munitions produced and/or currently under development in Turkey.
 
Project aims to upgrade all of Turkish Air Force (TurAF) F-16s with indigenous mission computers, software and avionics in order to pave the way for the installation of an Aselsan-developed AESA radar by 2015.
Hardware for the avionics upgrade will be exclusively manufactured by Aselsan, while TAI will tackle the development of millions of lines of highly specialized software. Upgrades will be performed by the same team that performed C-130 modernization and software team mostly consists of experienced engineers who have worked on the Anka UAV development program. Upgraded aircraft will look somewhat similar to existing Peace Onyx exterior configurations, except with specific EW-E/O sensor additions and pylons capable of launching ’Made in Turkey’ guided munitions.

Integration of indigenous systems on aircraft of Lockheed Martin origin is known to be a difficult undertaking. TAI and Aselsan’s take on the project and F-16s “nationalization” at the Block 50 level is expected to offer Turkey a wide window of export and ‘transfer of technology’ (TOT) opportunities thanks to the F-16s widespread popularity around the world. 
Turkey will be able to sell these countries comprehensive modernization packages like the CCIP, individual sensors and weapon systems like targeting pods and missiles, as well as “nationalization” opportunities with direct TOT.
Turkey’s ‘special status’ with the F-16 comes from its existing place among the world’s top three users of the aircraft, previous manufacturing and export experience with the Falcon (to Egypt), as well as Turkey’s long-standing partnership and commitment in the F-35 JSF program.
Some Turkish defence analysts suggest that Turkey’s newfound ability to nationalize the F-16 is simply a means for compensating the country for not being given F-35 source codes, despite the longstanding NATO member’s commitment for an initial batch of over 100 F-35s.

F-16IN At Aero-India 2011





Pakistans 45 F-16 Fighter Jets Being Upgraded in Turkey: Pakistan Air Force Chief


Chief of Air Staff Air Chief Marshal Rao Qamar Suleman has appreciated the role of police in war against terror, Geo News reported on Thursday.

Talking to media after a ceremony in police lines Islamabad,
Air Chief said that 45 F-16 fighter gets are being upgraded in Turkey. He added that new squadrons of F-16 and JF-17 thunder planes would be constituted in March.He informed that PAF have 21 JF-17 thunder jets in final stage while nine are being manufactured.

Earlier, addressing the passing out ceremony as chief guest, Air Chief Marshal stated that sacrifices of police for the country would not go waste, adding that police and armed forces are fighting against the war on terror hand-to-hand.

He was optimistic that terrorism would be eliminated from the country.

Pakistan Keen To Purchase F-16 Fleet From Norway



 Pakistan and Norway on Monday expressed keenness to further strengthen and broaden bilateral ties and work together to fight against the war on terror and promote peace and stability in the region.


At a meeting held between Minister for Defence, Ch. Ahmed Mukhtar, and the visiting Norwegian Defence Minister, Ms. Grete Faremo an agreement was reached to further bilateral ties with the aim to promote peace and stability in the region.


Ch. Ahmed Mukhtar said both countries needed to enhance collaboration in the field of defence production and proposed to undertake joint ventures especially in ship building and sea boats manufacturing sectors
.
The Minister also conveyed that Pakistan was keen to purchase F-16 aircraft fleet which was reportedly being replaced by Norway with F-35 Lightning-II Joint Strike Fighter (JSF).

The Future Of Indian Air Force – MMRCA

  The Indian Air Force’s Medium Multi-Role Combat Aircraft (MMRCA)competition is nearing completion. Indian Air Chief Marshal PV Naikrecently said that the contract for supplying 126 MMRCA fighters to theIAF will be signed soon.

On
July, 2010, IAF completed itsevaluation report of the field trials conducted for six global fighterscontending for the MMRCA deal.

The evaluation report was thensubmitted to the Ministry of Defence (MoD) whereon it will be discussedby the Cabinet Committee on Security, after which the process ofawarding the contract would be initiated. Once the MoD finalises theshortlisted contenders, the complex process of negotiations will beginleading to the awarding of the deal to the winner.

India's $10.4 billion tender to acquire 126 fighter aircraft

India'splanned multi-billion dollar aircraft deal is the biggest contract eversince the 1990s. In 2001, IAF sent out its request for information(RFI) for the 126 fighters. After delays lasting almost 2 years beyondthe planned December 2005 issue date, the Ministry of Defence finallyannounced a formal Request for Proposal (RFP) on August 2007.

Sixglobal fighters – Lockheed Martin's F-16 Super Viper, Eurofighter'sTyphoon, Russian United Aircraft Corporation's Mikoyan MiG-35, France'sDassault Aviation's Rafale, Swedish SAAB's Gripen and Boeing's F/A-18Super Hornet – had submitted their bids in response to it.

Accordingto reports, the Indian government will be buying the first 18 aircraftdirectly from the manufacturer. The remaining fighters will be builtunder licence with a transfer of technology (ToT) by HindustanAeronautics Limited (HAL) based in Bangalore, India.

The delivery will start within 36 months of contract signing and will be completed 48 months later.

The competitors for the MMRCA deal

Whenthe RFIs were announced, six contenders bid for the order- the SaabGripen, Eurofighter Typhoon, Dassault Rafale, Mikoyan MiG-35 and theAmerican F-16IN and F/A-18IN. Out of these six, Russia’s Mikoyan andFrance’s Dassault companies are regular suppliers of aircraft to theIAF compared to the other four contenders.

The six contending fighters for the deal are the latest combat aircraft that are being developed or fielded today. 
Eurofighter Typhoon

TheEurofighter Typhoon is a twin-engine canard-delta wing multiroleaircraft designed and built by a European consortium of threecompanies: Alenia Aeronautica, BAE Systems, and EADS working through aholding company Eurofighter GmbH, which was formed in 1986. Theaircraft has high agility at supersonic speed and also has asupercruise capability that can fly at sustained supersonic speedsoffering high reliability.

Eurofighter is offering the Tranche-3Typhoon for the Indian requirement, equipped with the Captor-E (CAESAR)AESA radar. The aircraft also has a broad spectrum of operationaladvantages, such as excellent adaptability to severe weatherconditions, high mission effectiveness and survivability in threatsituations. EADS has even invited India to become a partner for theEurofighter Typhoon programme if the Typhoon wins the MMRCA contract,and will be given technological and development participation in futuretranches of the Typhoon.

Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet

TheBoeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet is a twin-engine 4.5 generationcarrier-based multirole fighter aircraft. The Super Hornet is a largerand more advanced variant of the F/A-18C/D Hornet.

The singleseat F/A-18/E and the two seat F/A-18/F flies greater ranges, withheavier payloads using a more powerful engine which provides greatersurvivability. Its powerful AN/APG-79 AESA radar has generatedsignificant interest in India. This radar could allow Super Hornets toplay a unique role in India’s fighter fleet due to their radar’sperformance and information sharing abilities.

Boeing hasproposed joint manufacturing of the fighters with Indian partners. Italso plans to offset the cost by setting up a $100 million maintenanceand training hub in Nagpur, Maharashtra. This is the first time thatthe Super Hornet has been offered for production in a foreign country.

Onthe availability of Super Hornet's APG-79 AESA radar, the US governmenthas given its approval but has stated that there would be somerestrictions and pre-conditions for the purchase of the aircraft.

Dassault Rafale

TheRafale is a French twin-engined delta-wing agile multi-role4.5th-generation fighter aircraft designed and built by DassaultAviation. The Rafale participated the MMRCA tender as a replacement forthe Mirage 2000-5.

The fighter aircraft is capable of carryingout a wide range of short and long-range missions that include groundand sea attack, air defence and high accuracy strike or nuclear strikedeterrence.

The Rafale has the advantage of being logisticallyand operationally similar to the Mirage 2000. The aircraft has adistinct advantage as it was used with great success during the KargilWar in 1999.

Since the IAF has already been equipped with theFrench Mirage 2000 fighters, the inclusion of Rafale would requirefewer changes in the existing infrastructure of the IAF, which in turnwill reduce cost.

The Transfer of Technology (ToT) is againsmooth with no end user restrictions. The French government has alreadycleared full technology transfer of the Rafale to India, including thatof the RBE2-AA AESA radar, which will be integrated with the fighter by2010, and has also cleared the transfer of
source codes.

Initiallyit was reported that Rafale was declared out of the race after it didnot meet India’s technical evaluation criteria. The recommendation wasmade by the Technical Evaluation Committee, as Dassault did not provideinformation on some equipment and add-ons that the IAF wanted in theaircraft. But later on, at a meeting of the Defence Procurement Board,the fighter aircraft was allowed to re-enter the race.

Lockheed Martin F-16 Super Viper

TheF-16IN Super Viper is a unique new fighter sharing a heritage with theworld's only fifth generation fighters – the F-35 Lightning II JointStrike Fighter and the F-22 Raptor. The Super Viper has the mostadvanced technologies and capabilities which include AN/APG-80 AESAradar, Net-Centric Warfare capability, an infrared search and track(IRST) system, advanced survivability features, enhanced high-thrustengines and proven combat and operational effectiveness.

Indiainitially sent the RFI for the F-16C/D Block 52+ configurationaircraft. But, Lockheed Martin proposed the customised F-16IN for theMMRCA competition. If F-16IN wins the contract, then Lockheed Martinwill also offer to sell the F-35 lightning aircraft in future asreplacements.

But the Indian government and IAF have neverseemed very keen on buying the F-16s as the Pakistan Air Force alreadyoperates the same warplane. The capabilities of the F-16s also appearto be similar to that of the Mirage 2000s operated by the IAF.

SAAB Gripen IN

The SAAB Gripen is a lightweight single engine multirole fighter aircraft manufactured by the Swedish aerospace company SAAB.

GripenIN (a version of the Gripen NG- Next Generation) is the mosttechnologically advanced fighter and is equipped with futuristicwarfare technologies developed specifically for India. The Gripen NGhas increased fuel capacity, more powerful powerplant, higher payload,upgraded avionics and other improvements.

The fighter aircrafthas a powerful and proven GE’s F414G engine, AESA radar, advancedcommunication system, advanced electronic warfare, tactical data link,and advanced weapons capacity. Its other strengths include the abilityoperate from roads instead of runways if necessary and also reasonablepurchase cost.

SAAB, if wins the bid, is willing to form a jointventure with Indian aerospace industry with the aim to develop the nextgeneration of fighters and also provide access to all levels oftechnology.

Mikoyan MiG-35

TheMikoyan MiG-35 (Fulcrum-F) is a further development of the MiG-29M/M2and MiG-29K/KUB. The IAF already operates MiG-29s, and the Navy hasordered MiG-29K/KUBs for its INS Vikramaditya and INS Vikrant-classaircraft carriers.

The single seat version is designated MiG-35and the two-seat version is MiG-35D. The fighter has vastly improvedavionics and weapon systems, notably the new Phazotron Zhuk-AE AESAradar, the RD-33MK engines and the newly designed Optical LocatorSystem (OLS).

The IAF already has maintenance facilities for theMiG-29. Therefore, it will be very much easier to buy the Russian-madeaircraft with a minimum of expenditure on infrastructure. Also Russiais willing to give full ToT, which is an added advantage. Russia hasprovided support for equipments in the past also during internationalsanctions.

Comparison

Allsix contenders are equipped with state-of-the-art avionics and AESA(Active Electronically Scanned Array) airborne radar with only marginaldifferences in performance. There is also little difference in theirarmament carrying capacity and, where needed, suchchanges/modifications should be possible.

The Dassault Rafale,the Eurofighter Typhoon and the Boeing F/A-18 Super Hornet are alltwin-engine fighters in the 25-30 tonne class. All of them arereportedly very expensive. The MiG-35, also a twin-engined aircraft,was first unveiled at Aero India Show-2007 at Bangalore, India. Itsofficial price is still unknown but will preferably be lower than theother expensive bidders. The other two competitors, F-16IN and GripenIN are relatively lightweight fighters but can carry a weapon load ofaround 8000 kg. Both are highly manoeuvrable multirole fighters.

Conclusion

Thefinal chapter on the 'mother of all deals' – the MMRCA competition –will be written soon and major issues like access to technology,technology transfer, reliable spares and maintenance support throughoutthe projected life of the aircraft, etc will play key role in thedecision making. There are media reports that political factor islikely to influence the choice of the MMRCA other than the performanceand cost.

The contract is likely to be wrapped up sometime next year, and the MMRCA is expected to join the IAF fleet in early 2017.

Currently,the strength of the IAF is 34 squadrons (over 640 aircraft). By 2022,the IAF fighters’ fleet would comprise of the Sukhois, indigenous LightCombat Aircraft (LCA) 'Tejas', MMRCA, indigenous Medium Combat Aircraftand fifth generation fighter aircraft (FGFA) that India is developingjointly with the Russians.

Finally, whatever be the result ofthis on-going competition, the inclusion of these MMRCA will definitelyform a strong backbone for the Indian Air Force.

J-10 vs F-16 Technical Comparison


The F-16 was designed from the outset as a dog-fighter. The moderatesweep of the wings and aspect ratios were ideal for this. The trade-offhowever, was greater supersonic resistance. The thrust offered by thetwo engine options on the F-16 is impressive even to this day.
TWR in air combat is about 1.15, ensuring impressive climbing rates andsustained turn rates. As noted, the F-16 sacrificed supersonicperformance, not only in its wing design but also in its fixed airintakes. In supersonic flight, engine thrust is lost. While it canreach Mach 2.0, pragmatically it has poor supersonic performance.

While the F-16 sacrificed supersonic performance for subsonicdogfighting, the J-10 did not make the same sacrifice. Thus, while whenthe F-16 was designed, turning dogfights were what was projected as thebread and butter of air combat, when the J-10 was being designed, theBVR era had arrived (or re-arrived).
The J-10s aerodynamic design, including wing design and inlet design,take this into account. For instance, the J-10 visibly has greater wingsweep and a variable inlet. With the J-10B, a DSI intake. While theJ-10B sacrifices maximum theoretical top speeds with its DSI intakes,for all relevant combat speeds, it gives the J-10 superior performance.

Under modern BVR conditions and higher altitude combat, the J-10 issignificantly superior to the F-16. This is also reflected in itshigher instantaneous turn rates. The Mirage-2000s have been a point ofmajor concern both for the Pakistanis and the Turkish air forces,because of these aerodynamic issues, despite the Mirages weak engines.

The Greeks, who operated both the Mirage 2000 and F-16C considered theF-16 to be better at low altitude, low speed, hard turning fights, andMirage 2000 to be superior at hi-hi.The F-16 would have to attempt tosurvive the first merge in an air combat scenario, which becomesincreasingly suicidal with high off-bore sight missiles.

BVR further compounds these problems for the F-16s. In previous eras,flying hi and fast was fine, but you often had to come down low toengage a low flying enemy aircraft. Today, that becomes less relevantwith longer range BVR missiles and look-down shoot-down capabilities.

The F-16 has also been adding weight over time and attempting tocounterbalance this with increased engine thrust. However, since wingarea remained the same, maneuverability has been sacrificed. Higherwing loading is particularly detrimental for higher altitudemaneuverability. The J-10 on the other hand, has all the wing area itcould ever need with a delta canard layout.

The newer block F-16s however, are great for low altitude air-to-groundmissions. The high wing loading favors low fliers and the moderate wingsweep helps handling at lower speeds often necessary during ordnancedelivery. The J-10 is thus not ideal for the CAS role. However, becauseof the range and payload advantages, the J-10 can be considered aneffective deep striker. CAS was never a pressing need for the PLAAF,and the PAF has the JF-17 which is ideal for that role.
Source Here

Pakistan plans to buy 14 more F-16 jets from USA

Pakistan is negotiating with the United States to buy 14 additionalF-16 fighter planes, Pakistan defence officials said on Sunday,following talks aimed at reversing tempestuous ties between the allies.

The United States and Pakistan have agreed to fast-track pendingPakistani requests for military equipment as the two step up securitycooperation, Pakistan's foreign minister said on Wednesday during ahigh-profile visit to Washington.

A senior Pakistani defence official told Reuters that Pakistan was asking for 14 new F-16 planes.


“Talks are underway and we're hoping to get them at a low price,” the official, who requested not to be identified, said.

Pakistan is an important US ally in the battle against al Qaeda and the Taliban in neighbouring Afghanistan.

The United States has provided F-16 fighter jets to Islamabad andPakistan's navy chief was in Washington this month to discuss thehandover in August of a refurbished US frigate.

Washington said this month it would deliver 1,000 laser-guided bombkits to Pakistan within weeks and is considering more weapons sales tohelp the Pakistani air force crack down on insurgents in theAfghanistan border region.

In early 2010, the United States approved the delivery of 12 LockheedMartin Corp's F-16C and 6 F-16D planes, scheduled to begin from June2010.

This delivery to Pakistan will bring its inventory of the planes to 54.If a new deal is approved, Pakistan's arsenal of F-16s, includingrefurbished fighters, will amount to 79, defence officials said.Pakistan has been operating F-16s since 1982.

Another official said Pakistan's interest in new F-16s was a bid to match India's firepower.

“Look at the rival (India). How many fighter jets they are purchasingand if you're getting them at a low price then why not?” he said.

India plans to buy 126 air and ground attack fighters, which willelevate its air force to super-power status, with deployments plannednear the borders with Pakistan and China, officials say.

One bone of contention between Washington and Islamabad has been adelay in about $2 billion in military aid owed by the United States toPakistan under a programme called the Coalition Support Fund.

Pakistani Foreign Minister Shah Mehmood Qureshi said a “substantial”amount of the money would be paid by the end of April, with Washingtonpromising the remainder by the end of June.

PAF attains Night time attack capability: PAF Chief

June 27, 2010

SHAHBAZ AIR BASE: With the induction of latest version of F-16aircraft, Pakistan Air Force (PAF) has achieved the capability to carryout all-weather night time operations, said Chief of Air Staff AirChief Marshal Rao Qamar Suleman here on Sunday.

Addressing the formal handing over ceremony of three Block 52 C/Dversion of F-16 aircraft by the US at the newly developed base nearJacobabad, Chief of Air Staff said this technology will not onlyeliminate our existing limitations of precision night operations butalso enable the PAF to meet its mission more effectively.

“The mission of the PAF is to Maintain Peace with Honor in the Region:should this primary effort of maintaining peace fail, we will use ourresources including these aircraft to defend our country against anyinternal or external threats.”


General Norton A Schwartz, Chief of Staff, United States Air Force(USAF), especially visited Pakistan to attend the handing over ceremony.

US Ambassador to Pakistan Anne W. Patterson, Vice Admiral MichaelLeFever, US Defence Representative in Pakistan along with other seniorPAF, USAF, civil and military officials were also present on theoccasion. Lt Gen Hostage of USAF (Centcom) handed over the documents ofthe newly inducted aircraft to Air Marshal Mohammad Hasan, Deputy Chiefof Air Staff (Operations), PAF.

The newly manufactured aircraft by Lokheed Martin had reached Pakistan on Saturday.

Air Chief Marshal Rao Qamar termed the handing over of the aircraft toPakistan a happy augury as the deal for supply of these aircraft by theUS was signed back in 2006, but it became controversial at the hands ofcritics on both sides.

However, he said of late it matured following efforts put in by the “good people” living in both the friendly countries.

Later, talking to media-persons, he said other countries in the regionhad already such type of aircraft available with them while acquiringof latest F-16 aircraft by Pakistan has brought back the balance ofpower in the region.

The Chief of Air Staff while addressing the gathering said that PAF menmade round the clock efforts to complete the Shahbaz Base as a fullyfledged air base, which only a year back was being used as a forwardoperation base.

“PAF Base, Shahbaz has been developed into a modern Base capable ofhandling state-of-the-art and most modern fighter aircraft of the worldin less than a year.”

Completion of this task in a record time reflects the spirit of PAF,which is used to working against heavy odds and meeting the assignedtasks within the available limited resources. These new aircraft willbegin a new era of hi-tech environment in the PAF.

As far as the overhauling and up-gradation of existing F-16 aircraft isconcerned, he said initially 14 aircraft from the existing fleet of PAFwould be upgraded with the US assistance as a team of technicians,engineers and experts had already been working to transfer theup-gradation and repair skills to their Pakistani counterparts.

This handing over has formally started the delivery of the fleet of 18F-16 C/D Block 52 fighter aircraft to Pakistan. PAF would receive thesestate-of-the-art aircraft from the US Government in different batches.

The delivery of all the 18 aircraft would complete by the end of thisyear. In addition to delivery of 18 aircraft by US, he said thefriendly country would also help Pakistan in upgrading existing lot ofF-16 aircraft matching to the latest version of the fighting falcons.

The Chief of Air Staff also announced an uplift package for the peopleof Jacobabad according to which PAF would immediately provide threewater filtration plants, besides constructing a hospital and school inthe area.

Source: Associated Press of Pakistan

First batch of three F-16s lands in Pakistan

Sunday, June 27, 2010
By Shakil Shaikh

ISLAMABAD: With top security officials terming it a great breakthrough,the first batch of three latest version F-16 C/D Block-52 high-techFighting Falcons landed in Pakistan on Saturday.

“Theinduction of multi-role F-16 C/D Block-52 will give a great edge and apotent punch to Pakistan Air Force (PAF),” said a top official, whoexpressed his happiness over the arrival of Lockheed Martin’s F-16s atthe PAF Base Shahbaz (Jacobabad).

These US Falcons reachedPakistan under “Peace Drive I” programme, continuing a long traditionof naming F-16 international sales programmes with the word Peace. Theprogramme raises the total number of F-16s ordered by Pakistan to 54.The Pakistan Air Force received its first F-16, in the Block 15 F-16A/Bconfiguration, in 1982. Pakistan has been operating Lockheed Martinaircraft since 1963, when it received C-130B airlifters.

Trainedat Luke Air Force Base, Arizona, Pakistani pilots brought the fightingFalcons to Pakistan. These pilots were the first to train in the USsince 1983, when the last class of Pakistani pilots trained at the LukeAir Force Base, Ariz.

Air Marshal Mohammad Hasan, Deputy Chiefof the Air Staff (Operations) and Air Marshal Waseem-ud-Din, DeputyChief of the Air Staff (Administration), along with other senior PAFofficials, received the aircraft at the base.

Pakistanattaches great significance to its air defence needs, as it had signeda contract with the US government in the year 2005-06 for theacquisition of 18 F-16 C/D Block 52 aircraft.

Under thisarrangement, PAF would receive these state-of-the-art aircraft from theUS in different batches. The delivery of all 18 aircraft would becompleted by the end this year.

The F-16 C/D Block 52 aircraftis a high tech fighter aircraft equipped with sophisticatedstate-of-the-art avionics suite, latest weapons with night precisionattack capability. These aircraft are much superior to the F-16A/Bsalready in the inventory of the PAF. In June 2005, Pakistan requestedthe Foreign Military Sale (FMS) of 36 F-16C/D block 50/52 aircraft. InJune 2006, the Pentagon notified Congress of its intention to approvethe sale and Lockheed Martin was awarded a contract for 12 F-16C andsix F-16D block 52 aircraft in Dec 2006. The aircraft will be armedwith AMRAAM and Sidewinder missiles and the Sniper targeting pod.

Thenew planes purchased by Pakistan, Block 52 versions of the multi-rolefighter, are far more advanced than the older A-model versions and willallow pilots to conduct operations at night and greatly enhance theiruse of precision munitions.

Taiwan Renews Push for F-16 Fighter Jets

Taiwan has renewed a drive to buy advanced U.S.-built F-16 fighter aircraft, confronting President Barack Obama with a delicate decision.
Detailing its arms shoppinglist for the first time since Obama took office, Taipei Economic andCultural Representative Office (TECRO) said Taiwan's current fighter force was inadequate to a potential threat from China. The largest part of Taiwan's air force, the F-5 fighter, has been in service for more than 34 years, said TECRO's spokesman.

"The planes now are obsolete and spare parts are difficult toobtain," said spokesman, Vance Chang, in an email response to questionsabout Taiwan's arms requests. China has built increasingly advancedfighters, the statement said, "therefore our air superiority capabilityis at a serious disadvantage."
"Taiwan's determination to defend itself is indisputable," it added.
Taiwan has been trying for 12 years to buy F-16 C/D models built by Lockheed Martin Corp of Bethesda, Maryland. The U.S. government is required by a 1979 law to provide Taiwan sufficient arms to defend itself.
Successive U.S. administrations, both Democratic and Republican,have managed the weapons flow to minimize fallout with China. In itsfinal years, former President George W. Bush's administration would noteven accept a formal request for the advanced F-16s, said theU.S.-Taiwan Business Council, which represents about 100 companies,including Lockheed Martin.
The United States "has an obligation to assist Taiwan to maintain acredible defense of its air space, which includes modern fighters,"said council president Rupert Hammond-Chambers.
Taiwan wants 66 F-16 C/Ds valued at up to US$4.9 billion to bolster 150 F-16A/B models it bought in 1992.
The State Department had no immediate comment on the statement from TECRO.
In October, the Bush administration notified Congress of possiblearms sales to Taiwan of up to US$6.4 billion, including Patriot"Advanced Capability" antimissile batteries, Apache attack helicoptersand Harpoon anti-ship missiles.
"We were eager to achieve a golden mean - a robust package of armssales that met Taiwan's immediate defense needs but was not perceivedin Beijing as undermining the progress in cross-strait relations," saidDennis Wilder, senior director for East Asian affairs on Bush's WhiteHouse National Security Council. "I believe we achieved that goal," he added in an email response to Reuters.
TECRO made clear Ma's administration was still seeking UH-60 Black Hawk utility helicopters built by United Technologies Corp's Sikorsky unit and design work on modern diesel-electric submarines.
These two items were cleared for release to Taiwan by Bush as partof a landmark arms offer in April 2001, but left out of the Octobernotification to Congress. The deals were held up for years, largely bypartisan hurdles to funding in Taiwan.
Wilder said the Bush administration had told Taiwan that it was notdenying it any of the weapons approved in 2001, but would leave thedecision to Obama.

F-16 Fighting Falcon

 The F-16 Fighting Falcon is a compact, multi-role fighter aircraft. It is highly maneuverable and has proven itself in air-to-air combat and air-to-surface attack. It provides a relatively low-cost, high-performance weapon system for the United States and allied nations.

Features
In an air combat role, the F-16's maneuverability and combat radius (distance it can fly to enter air combat, stay, fight and return) exceed that of all potential threat fighter aircraft. It can locate targets in all weather conditions and detect low flying aircraft in radar ground clutter. In an air-to-surface role, the F-16 can fly more than 500 miles (860 kilometers), deliver its weapons with superior accuracy, defend itself against enemy aircraft, and return to its starting point. An all-weather capability allows it to accurately deliver ordnance during non-visual bombing conditions


In designing the F-16, advanced aerospace science and provenreliable systems from other aircraft such as the F-15 and F-111 wereselected. These were combined to simplify the airplane and reduce itssize, purchase price, maintenance costs and weight. The light weight ofthe fuselage is achieved without reducing its strength. With a fullload of internal fuel, the F-16 can withstand up to nine G's -- ninetimes the force of gravity -- which exceeds the capability of othercurrent fighter aircraft.
F-16 Fighting Falcon's cockpit and its bubble canopy give the pilotunobstructed forward and upward vision, and greatly improved visionover the side and to the rear.The seat-back angle was expanded from the usual 13 degrees to 30degrees, increasing pilot comfort and gravity force tolerance. Thepilot has excellent flight control of the F-16 through its"fly-by-wire" system. Electrical wires relay commands, replacing theusual cables and linkage controls. For easy and accurate control of theaircraft during high G-force combat maneuvers, a side stick controlleris used instead of the conventional center-mounted stick. Hand pressureon the side stick controller sends electrical signals to actuators offlight control surfaces such as ailerons and rudder.
F-16 Fighting Falcon's Avionics systems include a highly accurateinertial navigation system in which a computer provides steeringinformation to the pilot. The plane has UHF and VHF radiosplus an instrument landing system. It also has a warning system andmodular countermeasure pods to be used against airborne or surfaceelectronic threats. The fuselage has space for additional avionicssystems.
Background
The F-16A, a single-seat model, firstflew in December 1976. The first operational F-16A was delivered inJanuary 1979 to the 388th Tactical Fighter Wing at Hill Air Force Base, Utah.
The F-16B, a two-seat model, has tandem cockpits that are about thesame size as the one in the A model. Its bubble canopy extends to coverthe second cockpit. To make room for the second cockpit, the forwardfuselage fuel tank and avionics growth space were reduced. During training, the forward cockpit is used by a student pilot with an instructor pilot in the rear cockpit.
All F-16s delivered since November 1981 have built-in structural andwiring provisions and systems architecture that permit expansion of themultirole flexibility to perform precision strike, night attack andbeyond-visual-range interception missions. This improvement program ledto the F-16C and F-16D aircraft, which are the single- and two-placecounterparts to the F-16A/B, and incorporate the latest cockpit controland display technology. All active units and many Air National Guardand Air Force Reserve units have converted to the F-16C/D.F-16 Fighting Falcon
The F-16 was built under an unusual agreement creating a consortiumbetween the United States and four NATO countries: Belgium, Denmark, the Netherlandsand Norway. These countries jointly produced with the United States aninitial 348 F-16s for their air forces. Final airframe assembly lineswere located in Belgium andthe Netherlands . The consortium's F-16s areassembled from components manufactured in all five countries. Belgiumalso provides final assembly of the F100 engine used in the EuropeanF-16s. Recently, Portugal joined the consortium. The long-term benefitsof this program will be technology transfer among the nations producingthe F-16, and a common-use aircraft for NATO nations. This programincreases the supply and availability of repair parts in Europe and improves the F-16's combat readiness.

USAF F-16 multirole fighters were deployed to the Persian Gulf in 1991 in support of Operation Desert Storm, where more sortieswere flown than with any other aircraft. These fighters were used toattack airfields, military production facilities, Scud missiles sitesand a variety of other targets.
During Operation AlliedForce, USAF F-16 multirole fighters flew a variety of missions toinclude suppression of enemy air defense, offensive counter air,defensive counter air, close air support and forward air controller missions. Mission results were outstanding as these fighters destroyed radar sites, vehicles, tanks, MiGs and buildings.
Since Sept. 11, 2001, the F-16 has been a major component of thecombat forces committed to the Global War on Terrorism flying thousandsofsorties in support of operations Noble Eagle (Homeland Defense), Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan and Iraqi Freedom

F-16 Fighting Falcon General Technical Characteristics

Primary Function: Multirole fighter
Builder: Lockheed Martin Corp.
Power Plant: F-16C/D: one Pratt and Whitney F100-PW-200/220/229 or General Electric F110-GE-100/129
Thrust: F-16C/D, 27,000 pounds
Length: 49 feet, 5 inches (14.8 meters)
Height: 16 feet (4.8 meters)
Wingspan: 32 feet, 8 inches (9.8 meters)
Speed: 1,500 mph (Mach 2 at altitude)
Ceiling: Above 50,000 feet (15 kilometers)
Maximum Takeoff Weight: 37,500 pounds (16,875 kilograms)
Range: More than 2,000 miles ferry range (1,740 nautical miles)
Armament: OneM-61A1 20mm multibarrel cannon with 500 rounds; external stations cancarry up to six air-to-air missiles, conventional air-to-air andair-to-surface munitions and electronic countermeasure pods
Unit cost: F-16A/B , $14.6 million (fiscal 98 constant dollars); F-16C/D,$18.8 million (fiscal 98 constant dollars)
Crew: F-16C, one; F-16D, one or two
Date Deployed: January 1979
Inventory: Active force, F-16C/D, 738; Reserve, F-16C/D, 69; and Air National Guard, F-16C/D,


F-16


US, Pakistan relations bolstered by F-16 training




TUCSON, Ariz: Eight Pakistani air force pilots, each experienced in the F-16Fighting Falcon's A and B models, recently learned to fly the newer C-and D-model aircraft at the 162nd Fighter Wing, the international F-16 training unit, and were honored at a graduation ceremony May 4 here.

Pakistan's airforce officials soon will upgrade their 30-year-old fleet of F-16s andthe pilots, charged with flying more capable fighters, are ready tohandle the new technology after training with the Arizona Air NationalGuard.
The pilots are the first from their country to train in the UnitedStates since 1983, when the last class of Pakistani pilots trained atLuke Air Force Base, Ariz.
"This graduation is historicfor U.S.-Pakistan relations," said Pakistani air force Wing CommanderGhazanfar Latif, a 12-year F-16A pilot. "For Pakistan, our air force isgaining capabilities that it has needed for the last decade;capabilities that are critical to ongoing operations in Pakistan's waron terror."
The new planes purchased by Pakistani government officials, Block 52versions of the multirole fighter, are far more advanced than the olderA-model versions and will allow pilots to conduct operations at nightand greatly enhance their use of precision munitions.
The first four of the 18 planes purchased are scheduled for deliveryJune 26 to Shahbaz Air Base in Pakistan. The rest will be delivered ona staggered schedule throughout this year. In addition, Pakistan'sexisting F-16 fleet will undergo a mid-life update in 2011 designed toupgrade cockpits and avionics to match the F-16C/D.
In preparation for the June delivery, the eight pilots and their families will have spent 10 months in the United States navigating the upgrade-training pipeline. They spenttwo and half months reviewing military aviation terminology at theDefense Language Institute at Lackland Air Force Base, Texas, and sevenmonths in flight training at Tucson International Airport. Since theC/D-models used for training in Tucson are Block 25 F-16s, they willnext undergo two weeks of additional Block 52 instruction beforereturning to Pakistan.
"Even though they're flying Block 25s here, they will still be ableto operate their block 52s back home," said Lt. Col. Kelly Parkinson,the 195th Fighter Squadron commander. "When they leave here they willget training from Lockheed Martin in Fort Worth, Texas, on the differences. The two blocks fly the same; it's essentially the employment of weapons that makes the difference."
The bulk of the flight training in Tucson included a transitioncourse from the F-16A/B to the F-16C/D, flight lead upgrade trainingand instructor pilot certification.
"We're training these eight pilots so they can return home and beinstructors themselves and teach others to fly the new F-16s," ColonelParkinson said.
"I think the training here is very well organized and tailored toour needs," Commander Latif said. "Also, the standards here are veryhigh. This is going to make a big difference because we do not have thecapability to make precision engagements at night with A models.Everybody understands that collateral damage is a big factor and thesensors on the C-model will help us carry out precision engagement andclose-air support."
With so much to learn, the students flew a schedule of five flights per week. The average student tempo is closer to three per week.
"The radar, data link and other avionics help create the big pictureof what is going on around you," Squadron Leader Yasir Malik said."There's lots of information to process in the C model, so you have toprioritize all of the input you are getting. But these instructors knowwhat they are doing, and they are good teachers."
Air Force Maj. Windy Hendrick, a flight commander and 13-year F-16pilot, has instructed students from all over the world. She said sheand her fellow instructors learned a great deal about their Pakistanicounterparts.
"They are all experienced pilots with 500 to 1,800 fighter hours inthe F-16 and the majority of that time is combat hours in the fightagainst extremists," she said. "They are very humble and don't talkabout their experience, but the more we learn about them and allthey've done, it makes us proud to be their instructors. They are very dedicated (and) hard-working, and they have great attitudes. Their presence in the squadron has been a real pleasure."
It's unclear if more student pilots from Pakistan will train in Tucson; however, Colonel Parkinson said, the 162nd stands ready.
"Training capable fighter pilots for our partner-nation air forcesand fostering relationships in the worldwide F-16 community is what wedo," he said. "We will continue to help train Pakistan's pilotswhenever we're needed."

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